What is a Pap Smear?
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Pap smear is a screening procedure for cervical cancer. It involves collecting cells from the cervix—the lower, narrow end of the uterus that's at the top of the vagina. Detecting cervical cancer early with a Pap smear gives a greater chance at a cure. A Pap smear can also detect changes in your cervical cells that suggest cancer may develop in the future. Early detection of these abnormal cells is crucial for preventing cervical cancer.
Why is a Pap Smear Important?
A Pap smear can detect
precancerous or cancerous cells on the cervix. Identifying these cells early allows for timely treatment and management, significantly reducing the risk of developing cervical cancer. Routine Pap smears are recommended for women starting at age 21 and continuing through age 65, according to guidelines from the American Cancer Society.
Normal: No abnormal cells were detected.
Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASC-US): The presence of slightly abnormal cells, but the changes don't clearly suggest precancerous cells.
Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (LSIL): Mild abnormalities often caused by
HPV infection.
High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL): More severe abnormalities that are more likely to progress to cervical cancer if untreated.
Atypical Glandular Cells (AGC): Abnormal cells that may signal a more serious condition, possibly in the cervical canal or uterus.
Cancerous Cells: Cells indicating the presence of cervical cancer.
What Happens If My Results Are Abnormal?
If your Pap smear results come back abnormal, your healthcare provider may recommend further testing to determine the extent and nature of the abnormality. This may include:
HPV test: To check for the presence of high-risk HPV types that are associated with cervical cancer.
Colposcopy: A detailed examination of the cervix using a special magnifying device.
Biopsy: Removal of a small tissue sample from the cervix for closer examination under a microscope.
Women aged 21-29 should have a Pap smear every three years.
Women aged 30-65 should have a Pap smear combined with an HPV test every five years, or a Pap smear alone every three years.
Women over 65 who have had regular screenings with normal results may not need further Pap smears.
However, your healthcare provider may recommend more frequent testing if you have certain risk factors, such as a history of cervical dysplasia or a weakened immune system.
Get vaccinated against
HPV.
Use condoms to reduce the risk of HPV and other sexually transmitted infections.
Refrain from smoking, as smoking is associated with an increased risk of cervical dysplasia and cancer.
Follow your healthcare provider's recommendations for regular screening.
