The Follicular Phase
The follicular phase starts on the first day of menstruation and lasts until ovulation. During this phase, FSH stimulates the growth of multiple
ovarian follicles. Typically, only one follicle reaches maturity, known as the
dominant follicle, which will release the egg during ovulation.
The Ovulatory Phase
The ovulatory phase is brief and occurs approximately mid-cycle. The dominant follicle releases the mature egg into the
fallopian tube in response to the LH surge. This is the period when a woman is most fertile.
The Luteal Phase
After ovulation, the ruptured follicle transforms into the
corpus luteum, which secretes
progesterone and a small amount of estrogen. These hormones prepare the
uterine lining for potential pregnancy. If fertilization doesn't occur, the corpus luteum degenerates, leading to a drop in hormone levels and the onset of menstruation.
Signs and Symptoms of Ovulation
Common signs of ovulation include a slight increase in
basal body temperature, changes in
cervical mucus (becoming clear and stretchy), and mild pelvic or abdominal pain known as
mittelschmerz. Some women may also experience increased libido and heightened senses.
Importance in Fertility
Understanding ovulation is crucial for those trying to conceive or practicing
natural family planning. By tracking ovulation, couples can identify the optimal time for intercourse to increase the chances of
conception. Conversely, for those avoiding pregnancy, knowing the fertile window can help in planning contraceptive measures.
Conclusion
Ovulation is a vital component of the reproductive system, intricately controlled by hormonal signals. A thorough understanding of this process is essential for managing fertility, diagnosing disorders, and providing appropriate
treatment in the field of gynecology.
