Ovaries
The
ovaries are small, almond-shaped organs located on either side of the uterus in the female pelvis. They are an essential part of the female reproductive system and have two main functions: producing eggs (ova) and secreting hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.
What is the role of the ovaries?The primary role of the ovaries is to produce and release eggs during the menstrual cycle. Typically, one ovary releases an egg each month in a process known as ovulation. In addition, the ovaries produce key
hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle and contribute to the development of secondary sexual characteristics.
What are common ovarian disorders?Common ovarian disorders include
polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), ovarian cysts, and ovarian cancer. PCOS is a condition characterized by multiple cysts on the ovaries, hormonal imbalances, and irregular menstrual cycles. Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can cause pain and other symptoms. Ovarian cancer, although less common, can be serious and often requires surgical intervention.
Fallopian Tubes
The
fallopian tubes are narrow, muscular tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus. They play a crucial role in transporting the egg from the ovary to the uterus and are the typical site of fertilization.
How do fallopian tubes function?
After ovulation, the egg is captured by the fimbriae, finger-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes. The egg then travels through the tube toward the uterus, aided by tiny hair-like structures called cilia and muscle contractions. If sperm are present in the fallopian tube, fertilization can occur here.
What are common fallopian tube disorders?Common disorders of the fallopian tubes include
tubal blockage, ectopic pregnancy, and infections such as
salpingitis. Tubal blockage can lead to infertility, as it prevents the egg and sperm from meeting. An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, often in a fallopian tube, and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. Infections can cause inflammation and scarring, leading to complications.
Uterus
The
uterus, also known as the womb, is a pear-shaped organ located in the female pelvis between the bladder and the rectum. It is essential for menstruation, implantation of the fertilized egg, and development of the fetus during pregnancy.
What is the structure of the uterus?
The uterus is divided into three main parts: the fundus (top), the body (middle), and the cervix (lower part). The uterine wall consists of three layers: the outer layer (perimetrium), the middle muscular layer (myometrium), and the inner lining (endometrium). The endometrium thickens in preparation for a potential pregnancy and sheds during menstruation if fertilization does not occur.
What are common uterine disorders?Common uterine disorders include
fibroids, endometriosis, and uterine cancer. Fibroids are non-cancerous growths that can cause heavy menstrual bleeding, pain, and reproductive issues. Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the endometrium grows outside the uterus, causing pain and potential infertility. Uterine cancer, particularly
endometrial cancer, involves abnormal growth of cells in the lining of the uterus and requires medical intervention.
