menstruation - Gynecology

What is Menstruation?

Menstruation, commonly referred to as a period, is the regular shedding of the endometrial lining of the uterus. It is part of the menstrual cycle and typically occurs monthly in individuals with a healthy reproductive system. Menstruation is a key indicator of reproductive health and can start as early as age 8 and continue until menopause.

What is the Menstrual Cycle?

The menstrual cycle is a series of physiological changes that prepare the female body for pregnancy. The cycle is usually around 28 days but can range from 21 to 35 days. It comprises several phases: the menstrual phase, the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase.

What are Common Menstrual Disorders?

Several disorders can affect the menstrual cycle, including:
Dysmenorrhea: Painful periods that can interfere with daily activities.
Menorrhagia: Excessive menstrual bleeding.
Amenorrhea: The absence of menstruation.
Oligomenorrhea: Infrequent menstrual periods.
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Symptoms like mood swings and bloating before menstruation.

How is Menstrual Health Assessed?

Menstrual health is assessed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes additional tests like ultrasound or hormonal testing. Key factors considered include the regularity, duration, and intensity of menstrual bleeding, as well as the presence of any associated symptoms such as pain or mood changes.

What are the Treatment Options for Menstrual Disorders?

Treatment depends on the specific disorder and its underlying cause. Common treatments include:
Medications: Pain relievers, hormonal therapy, or birth control pills.
Lifestyle changes: Diet, exercise, and stress management.
Surgical options: For severe cases, procedures like endometrial ablation or hysterectomy may be considered.

How Can One Maintain Menstrual Health?

Maintaining menstrual health involves a combination of regular medical check-ups, a balanced diet, regular exercise, and stress management. It's also important to monitor menstrual cycles and report any irregularities to a healthcare provider promptly.

When Should You See a Gynecologist?

You should see a gynecologist if you experience any of the following:
Irregular periods that are unpredictable or very different from your normal cycle.
Severe menstrual pain that interferes with daily activities.
Heavy bleeding that requires changing sanitary protection every hour or two.
Absence of menstruation for more than three months.
Any other unusual symptoms like severe mood swings, significant weight changes, or unexplained fatigue.

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