What is Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP)?
Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) is a liver disorder that occurs during pregnancy, typically in the third trimester. It is characterized by impaired bile flow, leading to a buildup of bile acids in the blood.
What are the Symptoms of ICP?
The most common symptom of ICP is intense
itching, particularly on the hands and feet. Other symptoms may include dark urine, pale stools,
jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), and upper right quadrant abdominal pain.
What Causes ICP?
The exact cause of ICP is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Elevated levels of pregnancy hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, are thought to play a significant role in its development.
How is ICP Diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical assessment and laboratory tests. Blood tests to measure
liver function and bile acid levels are crucial. Elevated levels of bile acids in the blood are a key indicator of ICP.
What are the Risks Associated with ICP?
ICP poses several risks to both the mother and the baby. For the mother, it can lead to vitamin K deficiency, which increases the risk of bleeding. For the baby, it can result in preterm birth, fetal distress, and in severe cases,
stillbirth. Therefore, close monitoring and management are essential.
How is ICP Managed?
Management of ICP focuses on alleviating symptoms and minimizing risks to the mother and baby. Treatments may include:
Ursodeoxycholic acid: This medication helps to reduce bile acid levels and improve liver function.
Antihistamines: These can help to relieve itching.
Vitamin K supplements: To prevent bleeding complications.
In severe cases, early delivery may be recommended to reduce the risk of complications.
What is the Prognosis for ICP?
With proper management, the prognosis for ICP is generally good. Symptoms usually resolve after delivery, and long-term liver damage is rare. However, women who have had ICP are at an increased risk of developing it in subsequent pregnancies.
Can ICP be Prevented?
Currently, there is no known way to prevent ICP, but early recognition and treatment are crucial in managing the condition and minimizing risks.
When Should You Contact a Healthcare Provider?
If you experience severe itching, especially on the hands and feet, or any other symptoms associated with ICP, it is important to contact your healthcare provider promptly for evaluation and appropriate management.
