What are Functional Cysts?
Functional cysts are a common type of
ovarian cyst that typically form during the menstrual cycle. Unlike pathological cysts, functional cysts are usually benign and often resolve on their own without the need for medical intervention. These cysts are termed "functional" because they are related to the normal functioning of the ovaries.
Types of Functional Cysts
There are primarily two types of functional cysts: Follicular Cysts: These occur when the follicle, which is supposed to release an egg, doesn't, and instead continues to grow.
Corpus Luteum Cysts: These occur when the follicle releases the egg but then closes up and starts accumulating fluid.
Symptoms
Functional cysts often do not cause any symptoms and are usually discovered during a routine pelvic exam. However, when symptoms do occur, they may include: Pain in the pelvic area
Bloating or a feeling of fullness
Pain during intercourse
Changes in menstrual cycle
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of functional cysts usually involves a combination of a pelvic exam and imaging tests such as
ultrasound. In some cases, blood tests may be done to rule out other conditions.
Treatment
Most functional cysts resolve without treatment within a few menstrual cycles. However, if the cyst is large or causing significant symptoms, treatment options may include: Watchful waiting: Monitoring the cyst over time with repeat ultrasounds.
Medications: Hormonal contraceptives can help regulate the menstrual cycle and prevent the formation of new cysts.
Surgery: In rare cases, if the cyst is particularly large, persistent, or causing severe pain, surgical removal may be necessary.
Complications
While functional cysts are usually harmless, they can occasionally lead to complications such as: Ovarian torsion: A condition where the ovary twists around the ligaments that hold it in place, potentially cutting off its blood supply.
Rupture: A cyst can break open, causing severe pain and internal bleeding.
Prevention
While it's not always possible to prevent functional cysts, regular pelvic exams and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help. Hormonal contraceptives may also be recommended for those who frequently develop cysts.When to See a Doctor
If you experience severe or persistent pelvic pain, sudden sharp pain, or symptoms of shock such as dizziness and fainting, it's crucial to seek immediate medical attention. These could be signs of complications like ovarian torsion or a ruptured cyst.
Conclusion
Functional cysts are a common and usually benign aspect of
reproductive health. Regular monitoring and a proactive approach towards managing symptoms can help mitigate any potential complications. Always consult with a healthcare provider for personalized medical advice.
