fertility problems - Gynecology

What is Infertility?

Infertility refers to the inability to conceive after one year of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. For women over 35, this period is reduced to six months. Infertility can result from issues in either partner or both.

Common Causes of Female Infertility

Several factors can contribute to female infertility:

Ovulation disorders: Issues with the release of eggs from the ovaries, commonly seen in conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and hypothalamic dysfunction.
Tubal infertility: Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes, often due to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), endometriosis, or previous surgeries.
Endometriosis: A condition where tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus grows outside it, causing pain and sometimes infertility.
Uterine or cervical abnormalities: Structural issues like fibroids, polyps, or a malformed uterus can impede conception.
Age-related factors: A woman's fertility declines with age, particularly after 35.

How is Female Infertility Diagnosed?

Diagnosis involves several steps:

Medical history and physical examination: A thorough review of medical history, menstrual cycles, and lifestyle factors.
Ovulation testing: Blood tests to check hormone levels and other tests to confirm if ovulation is occurring.
Imaging tests: Ultrasounds, hysterosalpingography (HSG), or laparoscopy to examine the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.
Ovarian reserve testing: Blood tests and ultrasounds to measure the quantity and quality of the eggs.

Treatment Options for Female Infertility

Treatment depends on the underlying cause:

Medications: Drugs like clomiphene citrate, letrozole, or gonadotropins can stimulate ovulation.
Surgical procedures: Surgeries can correct structural issues or remove blockages in the fallopian tubes.
Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART): Techniques like In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and intrauterine insemination (IUI) can help achieve pregnancy.
Lifestyle modifications: Improving diet, reducing stress, and maintaining a healthy weight can enhance fertility.

What are the Psychological Impacts of Infertility?

Infertility can lead to significant emotional stress, anxiety, and depression. Counseling and support groups can provide emotional support and coping strategies for individuals and couples.

When Should You Seek Help?

Couples should seek medical advice if they have been unable to conceive after one year of regular, unprotected intercourse, or after six months if the woman is over 35. Additionally, those with known reproductive health issues should consult a healthcare provider sooner.

Relevant Publications

[Homozygous Variant of of the Fanconi Anemia Pathway Causes Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: Investigation of the Pathogenic Mechanism].

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[Reproductive Health-Oriented Development in Assisted Reproductive Technologies].

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Empowering gynaecologists with Artificial Intelligence: Tailoring surgical solutions for fibroids.

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Hystero-Salphingography in current clinical practice-old flames, die hard!

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Mental health in children conceived by Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs): Insights from a longitudinal study of Australian children.

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\"I Do Not Have the Time of Being sick\": Para-Occupational Exposure and Women\'s Health Risk Perception in an Agricultural Community.

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Appraisal of Minerals, Fasting Blood Glucose, and Lipid Parameters in Obese and Nonobese Premenopausal Women.

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Impact of primary care posttraumatic stress disorder (PC-PTSD) on fertility problem of Iranian women with infertility during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Reproductive sex ending in failure affects sexual health - A qualitative study of men and women attending a fertility clinic.

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This is the Age of Microbial Technology: Crucial roles of learned societies and academies.

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Concerns about fertility, social appearance, and relationships in young adults with polycystic ovary syndrome.

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Psychosocial and supportive care concerns of young women living with advanced breast cancer: baseline findings from a prospective virtual support intervention study.

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Association of with Fertility Disorders in Dogs: A Case Study Supported by Clinical Examination, PCR, 16S Microbiota Profiling, and Serology.

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Experiences of youth growing up with anorectal malformation or Hirschsprung\'s disease: a multicenter qualitative in-depth interview study.

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Fertility preservation in males with cancer of trends, region development, and efficacy in mainland China from 16 regions Chinese sperm banks.

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Uncovering the link between inflammatory rheumatic diseases and male reproductive health: a perspective on male infertility and sexual dysfunction.

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Impact of Dietary Probiotics on the Immune and Reproductive Physiology of Pubertal Male Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Administered at the Onset of Pre-Puberty.

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Predictors of nonresponse to treatment and low adherence to internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy in depressed/anxious women facing the couple\'s fertility problems: a secondary analysis of a randomized control trial.

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Sagittal septum duplication of bladder and duplication of posterior urethra combined with congenital megacolon: a case report and literature review.

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The role of mitochondrial dynamics in oocyte and early embryo development.

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