What is Dilation and Curettage (D&C)?
Dilation and Curettage, commonly referred to as
D&C, is a minor surgical procedure performed in the field of
gynecology. During this procedure, the cervix is dilated (opened) and the uterine lining is scraped away using a surgical instrument called a curette.
Why is D&C Performed?
D&C is performed for several reasons, including diagnosing and treating abnormal uterine bleeding, removing tissue after a miscarriage, or obtaining tissue samples for biopsy to rule out conditions like
endometrial cancer or
uterine polyps. It can also be used to remove molar pregnancies or retained placenta after childbirth.
How is D&C Performed?
The procedure usually takes place in a hospital or outpatient clinic. Patients may receive local anesthesia, general anesthesia, or sedation. The cervix is gradually dilated using either medication or a series of dilators, and then a curette is used to remove the uterine lining. The entire process typically lasts about 15-30 minutes.
What are the Risks and Complications?
As with any surgical procedure, D&C has potential risks and complications. These may include infection, heavy bleeding, perforation of the uterus, or complications related to anesthesia. Long-term risks are rare but can include the formation of scar tissue in the uterus, known as
Asherman’s syndrome.
What is the Recovery Process?
Recovery from D&C is generally quick. Patients may experience cramping and light bleeding for a few days post-procedure. It is usually advised to avoid inserting anything into the vagina, such as tampons or engaging in sexual intercourse, for a period of time to prevent infection. Most patients can return to their normal routine within a few days.
When to Contact a Doctor?
It is important to contact a healthcare provider if there are signs of complications such as heavy bleeding, severe pain, fever, or foul-smelling discharge. These could indicate infection or other complications that require immediate medical attention.
Alternative Procedures
Depending on the condition being treated, there may be alternative procedures to D&C. These can include
hysteroscopy, which allows for direct visualization of the uterine cavity, or
endometrial ablation, which destroys the uterine lining for patients with heavy menstrual bleeding. Medication management may also be an option for certain conditions.
Conclusion
Dilation and Curettage is a common gynecological procedure with a variety of indications. While it is generally safe, understanding the procedure, its risks, and the recovery process can help patients make informed decisions about their healthcare. Always discuss any concerns and questions with a qualified healthcare provider to ensure the best possible outcome.
