Cystometry - Gynecology

What is Cystometry?

Cystometry is a diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the function of the bladder and the urethra. It is particularly useful in identifying problems related to urinary incontinence, frequent urination, and other lower urinary tract symptoms. By measuring the pressure inside the bladder and the flow of urine, this test can help diagnose conditions that impact bladder control.

Why is Cystometry Performed?

In gynecology, cystometry is often performed to assess bladder function in women who experience conditions such as pelvic organ prolapse, stress urinary incontinence, and overactive bladder. It is also used to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments for these conditions and to plan appropriate management strategies.

How is Cystometry Conducted?

During a cystometry test, a thin tube called a catheter is inserted into the bladder through the urethra. This catheter is connected to a device that measures bladder pressure. The bladder is then filled with sterile water or saline solution, and the patient is asked to report sensations such as the first urge to urinate and strong desire to void. The pressure readings are recorded throughout the process.

What are the Components of Cystometry?

Cystometry includes several key components:
Filling Phase: The bladder is filled with fluid to measure capacity and sensation.
Storage Phase: The ability of the bladder to store urine without leakage is assessed.
Voiding Phase: The patient is asked to urinate, and the flow rate and bladder pressure are measured.

What Are the Indications for Cystometry?

Cystometry is indicated for patients with symptoms such as:
Frequent urination
Urgency or urge incontinence
Difficulty starting urination
Incomplete bladder emptying
Recurrent urinary tract infections

Are There Any Risks Associated with Cystometry?

Like any medical procedure, cystometry carries some risks. These may include urinary tract infections, discomfort during the procedure, or minor bleeding. However, these risks are generally low, and the benefits of accurate diagnosis and treatment planning often outweigh the potential complications.

How to Prepare for Cystometry?

Preparation for cystometry usually involves the following steps:
Avoiding caffeine and alcohol before the test
Emptying the bladder just before the procedure
Informing the healthcare provider of any current medications
Patients should follow any specific instructions given by their healthcare provider to ensure the most accurate results.

What Can Patients Expect During and After the Procedure?

During the procedure, patients may feel some discomfort as the catheter is inserted and the bladder is filled. After the procedure, they may experience mild temporary symptoms like a burning sensation during urination or a small amount of blood in the urine. Drinking plenty of water can help alleviate these symptoms. Results are typically discussed during a follow-up appointment.

Conclusion

Cystometry is a valuable diagnostic tool in gynecology for assessing bladder function and diagnosing lower urinary tract disorders. By understanding the procedure, its indications, and potential risks, patients and healthcare providers can work together to manage and treat conditions that affect bladder control effectively.

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